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See JAMB Geography syllabus

This JAMB Geography syllabus is to prepare you for the JAMB exam by testing you on the topics below.

Practical Geography

A. Maps

B. Scale and measurement distances, areas reduction and enlargement, directions, bearings and gradients with reference to topographical maps.

C. Map reading and interpretation; drawing of cross profiles, recognition of intervisibility, recognition and description of physical and human features and relationship as depicted on topographical maps.

D. Interpretation of statistical data; maps and diagrams.

E. Elementary Surveying; chain and prismatic, open and close traverse, procedure, problems, advantages and disadvantages.

F. Geographic Information System (GIS): components, techniques, data sources, applications.

Physical Geography

A. The earth as a planet

• The earth in the solar system, rotation and revolution;
• The shape and size of the earth.
• Latitudes and distances, longitudes and time;

B. The Earth Crust

• The structure of the earth (internal and external) Relationships among the four spheres.
• Rocks: Types, characteristics, modes of formation and uses
• Earth’s movement: Tectonic
• forces.
• Major Landforms: Mountains, Plateau, Plains, Coastal landforms, karst topography and desert landforms.

C. Volcanism and Earthquakes

• landforms associated with volcanic activities.
• landforms of Igneous Rocks.
• origin and types of Volcanoes.
• some volcanic eruptions and earthquakes.

D. Denudation processes in the tropics

• weathering
• erosion
• mass movement
• deposition

E. Water Bodies

• Oceans and seas (world distribution, salinity and uses)
• Ocean currents – types, distribution, causes and effects;
• Lakes – types, distribution and uses.
• Rivers: Action of running water.

F. Weather and Climate

• Concept of weather and climate
• Elements of weather and climate
• Factors controlling weather and climate (pressure, air
• mass, altitude, continentality and winds)
• Classification of climate (Greek and Koppen).
• Major climate types (Koppen), their characteristics and distribution.
• Measuring and recording weather parameters and instruments used.
• The basic science of climate change.

G. Vegetation

• Factors controlling growth of plants.
• The concept of vegetation e.g. plant communities and succession.
• Major types of vegetation, their characteristics and distribution,
• Impact of human activities on vegetation.

H. Soils

• Definition and properties
• Factors and processes of formation
• Soil profiles
• Major tropical types, their characteristics, distribution and uses;
• Impact of human activities on soils.

I. Environmental Resources;

• Types of resources (atmospheric, land, soil, Vegetation and minerals)
• The concept of renewable and non-renewable resources;

J. Environmental interaction:

• Land ecosystem
• Environmental balance and human interaction

K. Environmental hazards:

• Natural hazards (droughts, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, flooding)
• Man-induced (soil erosion, deforestation, pollution, flooding and desertification)
• Effects, prevention and control of hazards.

L. Environmental Conservation

Human Geography

A. Population

• World population with particular reference to the Amazon Basin, N.E. U.S.A., India, Japan and the West Coast of Southern Africa.
• Characteristics – birth and death rates, ages/sex structure.
• Factors and patterns of population distribution.
• Factors and problems of population growth.

B. Settlement with particular reference to Western Europe, the USA, Middle East and West Africa:

• Types and patterns: rural and urban, dispersed, nucleated and linear;
• Rural settlement: classification, factors of growth and functions;
• Urban settlement – classification, factors of growth and functions.
• Problems of urban centres.
• Interrelationship between rural and urban settlements.

C. Selected economic activities

• Types of economic activities: primary, secondary, tertiary and quartnary;
• Agriculture: types, system, factors and problems.
• Manufacturing industries, types, locational factors, distribution and socioeconomic importance and problems of industrialization in tropical Africa.
• Transportation and Communication types, roles in economic development and communication in tropical Africa.
• World trade-factors and pattern of world trade, major commodities (origin, routes and destinations).
• Tourism: definition, importance, location, problems and solutions.

Regional Geography

A. Broad outline of Nigeria

• Location, position, size, political division (states) and peoples;
• Physical settings: geology, relief, landform, climate and drainage, vegetation and soils;
• Population: size, distribution, migration, (types, problems and effects)
• Natural Resources: types (minerals, soils, water, vegetation, etc.) distribution, uses and conservation.
• identify the factors of industrial location;
• examine the socio-economic importance of manufacturing industries;
• give reasons for the problems of industrialization in tropical Africa;
• differentiate between the types and means of transportation and communication;
• assess the economic importance of transport;
• give reasons for the problems of transportation in tropical Africa;
• relate the factors to the pattern of world trade.
• classify the major commodities of trade in terms of their origins, routes and destination.
• analyse tourism as an economic activity

B. Economic and Human Geography

• Agricultural Systems: the major crops produced, problems of agricultural development in Nigeria.
• Manufacturing Industries: factors of location, types of products, marketing and problems associated with manufacturing;
• Transportation and Communication: modes of transportation and communication and their relative advantages and disadvantages;
• Trade: Regional and International Trade, advantages and disadvantages;
• Tourism: types, importance, problems and solutions.

C. ECOWAS

• Meaning and objectives
• Member states
• Advantages and benefits.
• Disadvantages, problems and solutions.

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